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By 2054, India is projected to remain the world’s most populous country, growing by 17.1% from 2024 to reach 1.69 billion people

Key Takeaways:

India is projected to remain the world’s most populous country in 2054, reaching 1.69 billion, an increase of 246 million from 2024.
China’s population is expected to decline to 1.22 billion by 2054, marking a 14.1% decrease.
Nigeria is projected to rise to 5th place globally, with a population of 374 million, a 62% increase from 2024.
The United States remains the only high-income country in the top five, with a projected population of 384 million.
Pakistan is expected to climb from 5th to 3rd place, adding 138 million people by 2054.
Three African countries (Nigeria, Ethiopia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) are expected to rank among the top 10 most populous nations.
Russia is projected to see a population decline of 6.9%.

By 2100, seven African nations are expected to rank among the world’s 15 most populous countries, with Nigeria’s population projected to more than double

Key Takeaways:

India is projected to remain the world’s most populous country in 2100, with 1.5 billion people, a 4.5% increase from 2024.
China’s population is expected to fall sharply by 55.1% to 638.7 million, less than half of its 2024 population.
Pakistan's population is expected to nearly double by 2100.
Nigeria is projected to become the world’s fourth most populous country by 2100, with a population of more than 470 million.
Seven of the 15 most populous countries in 2100 are expected to be in Africa.
The United States is projected to rank sixth globally by 2100 from its current third position, despite a 22.2% expected population increase from 2024.
Together, the top 15 countries are expected to account for 57.9% of the global population by 2100.
The total world population is projected to reach 10.19 billion by the end of the century.

The top 15 countries accounted for 68.8% of global gold production in 2023, with four African nations among the leaders

Key takeaways:

China led global gold production with 378.16 tonnes, representing approximately 10.4% of global output.
The top five producers (China, Russia, Australia, Canada, and the United States) collectively produced 37% of the world’s gold.
African nations showed remarkable strength, with four countries in the top 15 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, and Burkina Faso).
Ghana led Africa in gold production and ranked 6th globally, producing 135.11 tonnes in 2023.
China, Australia, and Russia together produced nearly 1,000 tonnes of gold, accounting for 27.3% of total world production.

The top 3 countries accounted for nearly half of the US' agricultural exports in 2024, valued at $83.35 billion

Key takeaways:

Mexico ranked as the leading destination for the US' agricultural exports in 2024, with a total value of $30.32 billion (17.2% of total agricultural exports).
North American neighbours, Mexico and Canada, collectively accounted for 33.3% of total US agricultural exports.
China was the third-largest market, importing $24.65 billion (14%) of the US' agricultural products.
Asian markets, including China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam, collectively absorbed 31.7% of the US' agricultural exports.
The top three markets (Mexico, Canada, and China) made up 47.3% of the US' total agricultural export value.
The top 10 markets accounted for 74.8% of the US' agricultural exports, totalling $131.85 billion.

63.8% of Rwanda's parliament are women as of 2024 - highest in the world

Rwanda is a global leader in gender-inclusive governance, with nearly two-thirds (63.8%) of its parliament occupied by women.
Latin American nations dominate the list, with Cuba (55.7%), Nicaragua (55.0%), and Mexico (50.2%) showing strong female political participation.
The UAE stands out as the only Middle Eastern country in the top 10, achieving 50% female representation.
Despite being a high-income European nation, Monaco has the lowest representation among the top 10, with women holding only 45.8% of seats.

The top sources of asylum seekers in the United States (2024)

Key takeaways:

The top 11 nations accounted for 73% of the total asylum seekers in 2024, with each nation contributing more than 100,000 asylum seekers.
Venezuela (620,074) ranks first as the source country with the most asylum seekers in 2024.
Latin American countries dominate the top 11 list, with eight out of the eleven countries originating from the region.
Asian countries (China and India) make up a smaller share of the leading asylum-seeking populations.
Venezuela is the sole country of origin with an asylum seeker count exceeding 600,000 in 2024.

Sources of refugees in the United States as of 2024

Key Takeaways:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has documented over 435,000 refugees in the U.S. in 2024.
China and Afghanistan stand as the leading sources of refugees, with 60,044 and 46,137 individuals identified as refugees from these countries respectively.
The top eleven countries of origin have each recorded more than 10,000 refugees in the United States.
Central American nations (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) accounted for 19.9% of refugees in the US.

Canada’s study permit approvals dropped by 31% in 2024, with Nigeria, India, and the Philippines experiencing significant reductions

Canada announced a reduction in international student approvals in 2024, citing housing and resource pressures.
Global approvals dropped nearly 31% from 681.5k in 2023.
Nigerian approvals dropped 36%, ranking among the highest declines. India (-39.7%) and Nepal (-48.8%) were also major declines.
Canada plans to issue 437,000 study permits in 2025, 10% lower than 2024’s cap.
The UK, US, and local universities may see more Nigerian applicants.

China and India have been the top sources of international students in the US since 2001, now making up a combined 54%

Since the 1950s, the top sources of international students in the US have changed, with Canada initially leading, followed by Iran in the 1970s, Taiwan and Japan in the 1980s and 90s, and China and India taking the lead from the 2000s onward. China and India account for a combined 54% of the total international students in the US as of the 2023/2024 academic year. By 2021, Nigeria entered the top ten, reaching 7th place by 2024.

Côte d'Ivoire has dominated the world’s cocoa production since 1977, displacing Ghana

Until 1976, Ghana was the world’s largest cocoa producer, with an average annual output of 410,000 tonnes. However, Ghana lost this lead when production fell to 277,000 tonnes in 1997, allowing Côte d'Ivoire and Brazil to overtake. Since 1977, Côte d'Ivoire has led global cocoa production, increasing its output by 634%. Nigeria’s cocoa production peaked at 485,000 tonnes in 2006, consistently ranking among the top ten producers.

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